Study Citations

Study Highlights:

• Structurally engineered β-alanine complex enables stable dispersion in food matrices.
• Human pharmacokinetic study demonstrated ∼4-fold higher systemic exposure.
• Engineered formulation markedly reduced β-alanine–induced paresthesia.
• Suitable for functional beverage and nutraceutical food applications.
• The complex showed excellent stability in protein, saline, beverage, and dairy systems.

β-Alanine supplementation enhances skeletal muscle carnosine synthesis but is commonly associated with concentration-dependent paresthesia that may compromise user acceptability. This study aimed to develop a structurally engineered β-alanine complex (TriBsyn^®) with improved physicochemical stability and compatibility across diverse liquid and semi-solid matrices, and to evaluate its oral bioavailability and sensory tolerability compared with a conventional β-alanine formulation in healthy aged participants. Solid-state characterization was performed using FT-IR, XRD, particle size distribution, zeta potential analysis, FE-SEM, and TGA–DTA. In vitro release was assessed under simulated physiological conditions. Stability and compatibility were evaluated across aqueous, saline, protein-based, acidic carbonated, and dairy matrices under real-time and accelerated conditions. The engineered formulation exhibited favorable multi-matrix stability (>98% active retention) without physical instability and demonstrated a moderated release profile compared with conventional β-alanine. Thermal analysis supported structural modification with altered decomposition behavior. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical study (n = 12), the β-alanine complex showed significantly higher systemic exposure (approximately 4-fold higher AUC and nearly 3-fold higher C_max; p < 0.001). Despite enhanced exposure, paresthesia intensity and sensory burden were reduced, with improvements in mood, anxiety-related descriptors, and pain perception measures (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that structural engineering of β-alanine may improve oral bioavailability while modulating release characteristics and reducing sensory side effects, providing preliminary support for advanced amino acid delivery systems in functional food applications.

Study Highlights:

• TriBsyn^® is an encapsulated low-dose β-alanine complex.
• TriBsyn^® increased plasma β-alanine concentrations by up to 4.5× compared to conventional β-alanine (under study conditions).
• TriBsyn^® achieved elevated plasma levels with no reported incidence of paresthesia at the tested dose.

Adequate availability of β-alanine is important for supporting carnosine synthesis and related physiological functions. However, higher oral doses of conventional β-alanine are often associated with paresthesia, which can impact user compliance.

This study evaluated the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of a 400 mg Hydro Oleo–encapsulated β-alanine complex (TriBsyn^®) designed to improve delivery efficiency while reducing sensory side effects.

A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, three-treatment, three-way crossover oral bioavailability study was conducted in healthy older adults under fasting conditions. TriBsyn^® (400 mg) was compared to low (400 mg) and high (1200 mg) doses of conventional β-alanine.

TriBsyn^® demonstrated a ~4.5-fold increase in circulating β-alanine compared to the 400 mg conventional dose and a ~1.3-fold increase compared to the 1200 mg dose. No adverse events, including paresthesia, were reported at the tested dose.

These findings suggest that Hydro Oleo technology may support enhanced bioavailability and a favorable tolerability profile relative to conventional β-alanine formulations.